Constitutional Design Notes
1.The democratic constitution in South Africa
2. Why do we need a constitution?
3. The making of constitution in India
4. The guiding values of the constitution
5. institutional design
1. Democratic constitution in South Africa
Nelson Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964 for 28 years.
They were accused of opposing Apartheid system.
Apartheid system
➡️ It was a system of discrimination in South Africa on the basis of skin colour .
➡️ Natives( blacks), coloured and Indians were treated as inferior and not given voting rights.
✔️ Feature
a) Blacks were forbidden to live in white areas.
b) They were allowed to work there only if they have permits.
c) Transportation ,hotels ,hospitals schools, college, libraries and Church were separated for the whites and blacks .This was called segregation
# opposition of apartheid
➡️ The oppressed communities along with their supporters have made an organisation named ANC to led the struggle against it.
➡️ Several countries denounced South Africa as a unjust and racist country.
# Beginning of New Era
➡️After long struggle the leaders of South Africa realised that it would be no longer good to continue such an oppressive system.
➡️ Finally after 28 years of jail Nelson Mandela was released.
➡️A new election was held granting everyone voting right.
➡️And Nelson Mandela was elected as a president .
Forget and Forgive Policy
➡️ After coming to power black leaders appealed to fellow blacks to forgive the whites for atrocities.
➡️ Both parties sat together to form constitution which give right to everyone regardless of the races.
2. Why do we need a constitution ?
Constitution :-- It is a set of written rules that are accepted by all people living together in a country and used to govern the country .
Its needs
a) It generates a degree of trust which is necessary for different people to live together .
b) It specifies the clear guidelines on how our government should be formed in the country.
c) that lays down limits on the power of Government and provides basic rights to its citizens .
d) It helps in maintaining the law and order in the country .
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