# CIVIC Ch 4 :- UNDERSTANDING LAWS:-
1. Rule of law.
2. Laws in ancient India.
3. Post independence Era.
4. Making of laws.
5. Controversial laws.
1. Rule of law :-
* Rule of law refers to a society in which every matter is settled through laws. Under this system all are treated equal in the eyes of law regardless of gender, caste, religion and economic background etc.
2. Laws in ancient India :-
* In ancient India usually the law of Manusmriti was prevalent. Under this system justice was given according to the cast and religion .It means that different punishment were prescribed for the criminals of different caste and religion for the same crime.
3. Post independence era :-
* After independence a very sensational act was passed which was welcomed by many and also disliked by huge number of people .This act first time provided Hindu girls the right to inherit the property.
* Further more rights were given in Hindu succession amendment act 2005.
4. Making of laws :-
* There are generally two kinds of bill :- Ordinary bill and money bill.
* Ordinary bill :- This bill can be introduced either in loksabha or Rajya sabha.
Money Bill :-- This bill can only be introduced in Lok sabha. It usually contains Tax regulation, Budget allocation etc.
5. Controversial laws :-
* Many a law have been passed by the assembly that are controversial in nature. so many time people come on road to protest these laws.
For example :- TADA, POTA and UAPA etc.
* In such case people can move to the supreme court for nullification of the law. The court has the power to cancel the effect of the law if it goes against the basic structure of the constitution.
THE END
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